The shifters are definitely newer than the frame. That style with the rounded tops was introduced for the 1998 model year. Crank and derailleurs could be 1995 and were used through 2008. 1995 was the first year that Campagnolo put the model names on the components but they were small and...
Spacing on 8, 9, 10 speed cassettes are different between Shimano and Campagnolo, so I wouldn't expect shifting to be perfect.
What model Shimano shifters and what era 105 derailleur did you try?
The ST700 has the same rack mounts as the other touring models. For more braking power you could add a drum brake. Sturmey Archer even makes one that also has a dynamo...
That T2000 looks like a great deal.
I have a 1988 ST700 I could sell. It has caliper brakes and a cheaper build than the ST1000. I believe it's a 23" frame.
Looking good. Is there a bend in the down tube? I always thought the down tube on my 1987 SR600 had a slight bend, presumably from the welding/heat treating. Can't remember if I ever verified it with a straight edge.
Phil Wood makes a number of different spindle lengths. The cups require a special tool and it's best to have two of them. A good local bike shop may have them. Once installed you shouldn't have to touch it for a very long time.
UL is the position for Ultimate (narrow spaced) freewheels. The RE is for regular (wide spaced) freewheels. The shifter should click in either of those for indexed shifting. The center position is for friction shifting.
Interesting bit of history but the reference to the IL River is confusing as it's over 300 miles away from the battlefield.
I should try to get a picture of a Cannondale with the local Civil War cannon. Long supposed to have been captured at the battle of Belmont Missouri, for years the barrel...
Welcome. Nice looking bike. I've never owned a Synapse but was looking at one on ebay that's within a couple of hours drive. Unfortunately the sizing is questionable and the seller isn't cooperating with requested information.